Open Access

TGF‑β1: Gentlemanly orchestrator in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zhimin Ye
    • Yongbin Hu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 18, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4965
  • Article Number: 132
  • Copyright: © Ye et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a worldwide disease characterized by the chronic and irreversible decline of lung function. Currently, there is no drug to successfully treat the disease except for lung transplantation. Numerous studies have been devoted to the study of the fibrotic process of IPF and findings showed that transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) plays a central role in the development of IPF. TGF‑β1 promotes the fibrotic process of IPF through various signaling pathways, including the Smad, MAPK, and ERK signaling pathways. There are intersections between these signaling pathways, which provide new targets for researchers to study new drugs. In addition, TGF‑β1 can affect the fibrosis process of IPF by affecting oxidative stress, epigenetics and other aspects. Most of the processes involved in TGF‑β1 promote IPF, but TGF‑β1 can also inhibit it. This review discusses the role of TGF‑β1 in IPF.
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July-2021
Volume 48 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Ye Z and Hu Y: TGF‑β1: Gentlemanly orchestrator in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 48: 132, 2021.
APA
Ye, Z., & Hu, Y. (2021). TGF‑β1: Gentlemanly orchestrator in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 48, 132. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4965
MLA
Ye, Z., Hu, Y."TGF‑β1: Gentlemanly orchestrator in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 48.1 (2021): 132.
Chicago
Ye, Z., Hu, Y."TGF‑β1: Gentlemanly orchestrator in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 48, no. 1 (2021): 132. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4965