Open Access

Acute spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Yi Zhang
    • Abdullah Al Mamun
    • Yuan Yuan
    • Qi Lu
    • Jun Xiong
    • Shulin Yang
    • Chengbiao Wu
    • Yanqing Wu
    • Jian Wang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: March 31, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12056
  • Article Number: 417
  • Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating of all the traumatic conditions that afflict individuals. For a number of years, extensive studies have been conducted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of SCI. Experimental and clinical studies have indicated that two phases, primary damage and secondary damage, are involved in SCI. The initial mechanical damage is caused by local impairment of the spinal cord. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms are associated with hyperflexion, hyperextension, axial loading and rotation. By contrast, secondary injury mechanisms are led by systemic and cellular factors, which may also be initiated by the primary injury. Although significant advances in supportive care have improved clinical outcomes in recent years, a number of studies continue to explore specific pharmacological therapies to minimize SCI. The present review summarized some important pathophysiologic mechanisms that are involved in SCI and focused on several pharmacological and non‑pharmacological therapies, which have either been previously investigated or have a potential in the management of this debilitating injury in the near future.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

June-2021
Volume 23 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Y, Al Mamun A, Yuan Y, Lu Q, Xiong J, Yang S, Wu C, Wu Y and Wang J: Acute spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (Review). Mol Med Rep 23: 417, 2021.
APA
Zhang, Y., Al Mamun, A., Yuan, Y., Lu, Q., Xiong, J., Yang, S. ... Wang, J. (2021). Acute spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 417. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12056
MLA
Zhang, Y., Al Mamun, A., Yuan, Y., Lu, Q., Xiong, J., Yang, S., Wu, C., Wu, Y., Wang, J."Acute spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 23.6 (2021): 417.
Chicago
Zhang, Y., Al Mamun, A., Yuan, Y., Lu, Q., Xiong, J., Yang, S., Wu, C., Wu, Y., Wang, J."Acute spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 23, no. 6 (2021): 417. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12056