Open Access

Epstein‑Barr virus as a promoter of tumorigenesis in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (Review)

  • This article is part of the special Issue: Significance of molecular analyses in the era of personalized tumor therapy
  • Authors:
    • José Damián Gómez-Archila
    • José Arellano-Galindo
    • Carmen Palacios-Reyes
    • Ana María Espinosa-García
    • Patricia García Alonso-Themann
    • Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
    • Sara A. Ochoa
    • Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
    • Icela Palma-Lara
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 6, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5275
  • Article Number: 72
  • Copyright: © Gómez-Archila et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Epstein‑Barr virus (EBV) is an oncovirus associated with various neoplasms, including breast cancer (BC). EBV‑associated oncogenesis requires the action of several viral molecules, such as EBV nuclear antigen 3C, latent membrane protein 1, microRNAs and long non‑coding RNAs, which are able of manipulating the cellular machinery, inducing an evasion of the immune system, blocking apoptosis processes, promoting cell survival and metastasis. The risk of developing cancer is associated with epigenetic alterations and alterations in various signaling pathways. The activation of all these molecules can modify the expression of EBV proteins with oncogenic activity, influencing the oncogenic process. It is clear that BC, being multifactorial, presents a greater complexity; in numerous cases, the infection associated with EBV may be crucial for this neoplasia, if particular conditions for both the virus and host are present. In the present review, all these variables are analyzed in an aim to improve the understanding of the participation of EBV in BC.
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August-2023
Volume 52 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Gómez-Archila JD, Arellano-Galindo J, Palacios-Reyes C, Espinosa-García AM, Alonso-Themann PG, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Ochoa SA, Cruz-Córdova A and Palma-Lara I: Epstein‑Barr virus as a promoter of tumorigenesis in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 52: 72, 2023.
APA
Gómez-Archila, J.D., Arellano-Galindo, J., Palacios-Reyes, C., Espinosa-García, A.M., Alonso-Themann, P.G., Xicohtencatl-Cortes, J. ... Palma-Lara, I. (2023). Epstein‑Barr virus as a promoter of tumorigenesis in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 52, 72. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5275
MLA
Gómez-Archila, J. D., Arellano-Galindo, J., Palacios-Reyes, C., Espinosa-García, A. M., Alonso-Themann, P. G., Xicohtencatl-Cortes, J., Ochoa, S. A., Cruz-Córdova, A., Palma-Lara, I."Epstein‑Barr virus as a promoter of tumorigenesis in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52.2 (2023): 72.
Chicago
Gómez-Archila, J. D., Arellano-Galindo, J., Palacios-Reyes, C., Espinosa-García, A. M., Alonso-Themann, P. G., Xicohtencatl-Cortes, J., Ochoa, S. A., Cruz-Córdova, A., Palma-Lara, I."Epstein‑Barr virus as a promoter of tumorigenesis in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52, no. 2 (2023): 72. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5275